The notion of working beyond retirement age is gaining attention as research indicates it may contribute positively to health and well-being. As exemplified by the late Jane Goodall, who continued her impactful career well into her 90s, many are beginning to reconsider traditional retirement norms. Goodall’s legacy, marked by her active engagement with the world until her passing at age 91, has sparked discussions about the benefits of maintaining purposeful work later in life.
Historically, American men retired around the age of 66 in 1962. This figure has shifted to just under 65 today, even though life expectancy has increased by approximately nine years during that time. In a recent poll conducted by the Longevity Project in collaboration with Corebridge Financial, a striking 73% of adults expressed concern about the idea of working an additional ten years to support a potential lifespan of 100 years. Among younger respondents, particularly those in Generation Z, the apprehension was even more pronounced, with 81% opposing the idea of extending their working years.
This hesitance towards longer working lives is unfortunate, as extensive studies indicate that continued employment can enhance social connections and foster better health outcomes. For instance, a significant study involving around 83,000 older adults over a span of 15 years found that those who worked past the traditional retirement age of 65 reported being in good health up to three times more frequently than those who retired earlier. Additional research has indicated that for healthy retirees, a one-year increase in retirement age correlates with an 11% reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality.
While it is true that some forms of employment may be detrimental to health, particularly if they are high-stress or low-quality, the overall evidence supports the idea that work can have a positive impact on both physical and cognitive health for many people.
Changing Perspectives on Work and Retirement
The dialogue surrounding longer working careers often centers on financial necessity, especially regarding retirement plans such as Social Security. While these arguments hold merit, they often fail to resonate with the public. For many, the idea of working longer solely to support future generations is unappealing. This sentiment is evident in countries like France, where widespread protests erupted against any increases in the retirement age.
Conversely, nations such as Japan and Korea have begun to embrace the idea of work as a means to combat the loneliness and social isolation that can accompany aging. Japanese companies have been noted for their efforts to accommodate older workers, providing opportunities that are both fulfilling and flexible. This cultural shift highlights a growing recognition of the importance of social connections in promoting health and longevity.
While not all older adults choose to work—only about half of those aged 65 to 69 in Japan remain employed—work can serve as a valuable resource for fostering social engagement and healthy aging. Nevertheless, not all occupations are suitable for older individuals, especially those in physically demanding roles.
Furthermore, the realities of retirement for many blue-collar workers are often starkly different from the idyllic images portrayed in retirement advertisements. For these individuals, retirement can lead to financial instability, isolation, and health challenges.
As society grapples with a growing crisis of loneliness, the potential of work to serve as a tool for connection and activity becomes increasingly relevant. There is a pressing need for a broader cultural understanding of the opportunities available to older workers, alongside a commitment from employers to create supportive environments.
Looking Ahead
Kenneth Stern, founder of the Longevity Project and host of the “Century Lives” podcast, emphasizes the importance of social ties in promoting healthy aging. His recent book, “Healthy to 100: How Strong Social Ties Lead to Long Lives,” advocates for a proactive approach to the challenges of aging. As individuals continue to live longer, the conversation surrounding work and retirement must evolve to reflect the realities of modern life.
Encouraging a shift in perspective about work in later life could not only enhance individual health and well-being but also contribute positively to society as a whole. By fostering environments that support older workers, communities can harness the benefits of their experience and wisdom, leading to a more connected and vibrant society for all ages.
