A professor at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock is leading innovative research aimed at enhancing accessibility for individuals with disabilities in the cybersecurity sector. With over two decades of experience as a cyber warfare operator in the U.S. Air Force, William Cox has transitioned his focus to address a pressing issue: the barriers faced by blind and low-vision individuals in this critical field.
Cox’s journey into this area of research began on campus, where he taught a blind student. This experience exposed him to significant shortcomings in the tools commonly regarded as accessible. “I relied on all the tools we’re told to trust when it comes to accessibility and they failed us — failed me,” Cox stated. He pointed out that while the software indicated accessibility, what took sighted students merely ten minutes to read took his blind student three to four hours. This stark contrast highlighted the difference between accessibility and usability, guiding Cox’s current research efforts.
Improving Usability through Technology
Cox is focused on enhancing the usability of software to foster equitable learning and working environments for those with low vision. Many cybersecurity platforms heavily rely on visual elements such as charts and color-coded alerts. Even when software meets formal accessibility standards, these visual cues can create significant barriers for individuals who are blind or have low vision.
To tackle these challenges, Cox is developing artificial-intelligence-powered tools designed to evaluate and improve how software communicates with users unable to rely on visual observation. These tools will scan websites and utilize AI to identify accessibility gaps from a blind user’s perspective, providing specific and actionable solutions.
In addition to enhancing industry tools, Cox is also working on classroom technologies that help faculty convert documents and coursework into formats like real-time audio. The aim is to enable blind and low-vision students to engage in classes on equal footing with their peers.
Cox’s research stands out not only for its focus on accessibility but also for its commitment to industry and workforce development. He aims to showcase the strengths of the blind and low-vision community, empowering them to access cybersecurity education and thrive professionally. “Many blind individuals have an exceptional ability to absorb, retain, and recall information,” Cox explained. “They often process information in unique ways because they’ve learned to adapt and overcome.”
Challenging Stigmas and Expanding Opportunities
Cox’s ambitions extend beyond creating a new standard for accessibility. He seeks to challenge existing stigmas within the cybersecurity industry. He firmly believes that true accessibility can bolster local industry, particularly at a critical juncture for Arkansas. By broadening the talent pipeline, he envisions a stronger cybersecurity infrastructure in the state.
Despite the common perception that cyberattacks primarily threaten major cities or federal agencies, Cox emphasizes that Arkansas is not immune to these vulnerabilities. “People sometimes think, ‘We’re in Arkansas, so who cares about us?’ But that mindset is dangerous,” he cautioned. With major industries such as Walmart, Tyson Foods, and burgeoning lithium production facilities, he insists that the world is watching.
As state leaders increase investments in cybersecurity education and research, Cox sees a significant opportunity to protect Arkansas while simultaneously creating new career pathways. Many of the state’s cybersecurity talents often migrate to opportunities in other regions, but by increasing accessibility, Cox believes the local workforce can be expanded and enriched.
Cox’s research is transforming challenges into opportunities, presenting a pivotal moment for Arkansas to take the lead in accessible cybersecurity education and development. His work underscores that accessibility and innovation are not opposing goals; rather, they are essential components in shaping the future of this rapidly evolving industry. Through his initiatives, Cox is not only strengthening Arkansas’s workforce and economy but also enhancing its digital security.
