The University of Hawaii has marked a significant advancement in astronomical observation with the launch of initial science operations for its innovative robotic laser adaptive optics system, known as Robo-AO-2. This system enhances the clarity of images captured by the 2.2-meter telescope at the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy (IfA), effectively correcting distortions caused by Earth’s atmosphere. Led by astronomer Christoph Baranec, Robo-AO-2 allows astronomers to observe hundreds of celestial objects nightly with minimal human intervention.
Baranec, a key figure in IfA’s robotic adaptive optics program, expressed his enthusiasm, stating, “Making Robo-AO-2 operational represents years of dedicated engineering and innovation.” He emphasized that this technology not only enhances local observations but also contributes to advancements used in larger telescopes and space missions worldwide.
Upcoming Celestial Events in December
December offers a spectacular array of celestial events, notably the much-anticipated Geminids meteor shower, which will peak on the night of December 13 and into the early hours of December 14. During this peak, stargazers can expect to see up to 120 meteors per hour. The Geminids are unique as they originate from the asteroid 3200 Phaethon, in contrast to most meteor showers that arise from comets. Observers should look towards the constellation Gemini for optimal viewing, particularly after midnight in areas free from light pollution.
On December 21, the winter solstice will occur, marking the shortest day and longest night of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. This event signifies the gradual extension of daylight following the solstice.
As December nights stretch longer, two prominent Hawaiian star families will illuminate the evening sky: Kalupeakawelo and Makali‘i. Kalupeakawelo, also known as the Kite of Kawelo, will be prominently visible near the center of the sky during early evening. This star line is part of the four great navigational star lines of the Polynesian Voyaging Society and is marked by the Great Square of Pegasus. According to legend, Kawelo, a Kauai chief, showcased his supernatural prowess during a kite-flying contest, a historical event that has become a cultural touchstone.
Rising higher in the eastern sky is the Makali‘i star cluster, also known as the Pleiades. This brilliant collection of blue stars serves as a celestial signal for the Makahiki season, a time of peace, rest, and harvest in Hawaiian culture. Observers can spot Makali‘i shortly after sunset, climbing steadily through the night, marking a season of abundance and reflection.
Notable Observations and Cultural Significance
In addition to these spectacular events, both Saturn and Jupiter will be prominently visible in the southern sky throughout December. Saturn’s iconic rings can be observed through a telescope, while Jupiter, the brighter and closer of the two gas giants, will be easily visible to the naked eye. Stargazers equipped with binoculars will have the opportunity to see Jupiter’s four largest moons—Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto—first documented by Galileo in 1610.
For early risers, the constellation Ka‘iwikuamo‘o will return to the predawn sky, rising in the southeast approximately an hour before sunrise. This constellation holds deep cultural significance, guiding ancient voyages from the southern islands to Hawaii.
The ‘Imiloa Astronomy Center of Hawaii offers a unique blend of astronomy education and Hawaiian cultural exploration, showcasing the interconnectedness of these two realms. As December unfolds, Hawaii’s night sky will provide a rich tapestry of astronomical phenomena, inviting both local and visiting stargazers to engage with their celestial heritage.
